There are two kinds of abbreviations that you may have to use in your writing, and the guidelines for these are somewhat different:
Abbreviations are useful in that they allow you to avoid repeating long technical terms in your writing. However, you should note these points:
AFM (atomic force microscope) is capable of investigating the surface of an insulator at an atomic scale...
The material called ARALL (aramid aluminium laminate) can be machined and formed into useful shapes.
The use of PM (powder metallurgy) methods for producing rotor alloys solves this problem...
Some abbreviations do not need to be spelled out because they are universally recognised. These include:
25 ml 14 kg 10 m 230 km 38oC BUT a few millilitres
Some abbreviations which originate from Latin or Greek may not be known to your reader, so it is normally better to use the full English equivalent. Use of the full form of the word also helps the text to flow better for the reader. Some of these, though, are useful in your references and bibliography.
abbreviation | comment + meaning |
c. / ca. / circa | use the English word: approximately, about |
cf. | use the English word: compare |
e.g. | normally better to use the English words: for example, for instance |
et al. | use after authors' names in your bibliography, but avoid in your text (= and others) |
etc. | try to avoid, as it implies lack of precision (= and so on, and the rest) |
ibid | only use in your list of references (= in the same place, that is in the book you have just mentioned) |
i.e. | normally better to use the English phrase: that is, in other words |
loc. cit. | only use in your references (= in the place mentioned before) |
NB | use the English word: Note |
op. cit. | only use in your references (= in the book mentioned before) |
q.v. | only use in your references (= see in another place, that is for a cross-reference |
v. / vs. | use the English word: against, versus |
viz. | use the English word: namely |
...the cyclic data fall within the domain of the second strength decrement over the entire range of P(cf. Fig.2).
Modern ceramics, however, are often made by processes that do not involve a kiln-firing step (e.g. hot -pressing, reaction-sintering, glass-devitrification, etc.).
In this paper we present results of a fatigue study with spherical indenters on nominally brittle ceramics, i.e. relatively homogenous ceramics with no significant R-curve, using an indentation-strength test procedure.
Ionic conductivity should consequently be increased, as recently reported by Kosacki et.al.[1], Fuller[2] and Mondal et.al.[3] in nearly pure nanosized TZP ceramics.
In each set, four different uniaxial compressive loads were employed and the corresponding strain vs. time curves were plotted.
© Vysoké učení technické v Brně, 2005
Last update: 19-Dec-2005, 16:05